大型电站噪声综合治理方法初探

本文作者通过十年间对大型电站噪声治理工作的回顾,分析了火电设备噪声产生的机理,对火力发电设备所产生的噪声进行了综合整治,设备的进气处噪声采取安装消声器,未达到降噪标准的部分通过在发声设备外侧敷设吸声材料,通过吸声材料内耗衰减,在控制生产性噪声上已取得较好效果,对火电厂降低噪声是一种有益的尝试。文章介绍了大型电站机组噪声的治理方法及取得的成效。积极响应国家节能减排政策,研究开发保温材料的隔声吸声作用,丰富其环保的内涵,先后对嘉电一期两台300MW机组、二期四台600MW机组锅炉侧磨煤机、送风机、一次风机、引风机、脱硫区域等设备进行噪声整治,合计治理面积近万平方米。采用微穿孔板吸声结构应用于化学精处理值班室噪声治理项目中。三期两台1000MW机组采用隔声墙有效降低厂界噪声等。浙能嘉电作为"国家职业卫生示范企业",在噪声治理方面也走在全国同行的前列。     

隔声屏障在冷却机组降噪中的设计与应用实证

本文对成都双流九江环保垃圾发电厂循环冷却机组进行噪声治理,通过在声音传播途径上设立隔声屏障,并对该声屏障进行声学设计理论计算,声屏障建成后该机组在厂界外1m处,噪声值达到国家厂界噪声排放标准要求,并通过详细的实测数据、建立图形,进一步验证了声屏障理论计算公式和保护范围。     

土地利用规划环境影响评价指标体系实证研究

在前人研究的基础上,针对目前土地利用规划环评指标间存在的信息重叠问题,以安徽省当涂县为例,运用SPSS软件基于相关性分析探讨了土地利用规划环评指标体系的建立,并在此基础上运用综合指数对当涂县土地利用规划方案进行评价。结果表明:(1)基于常用的指标体系建立思路(环境影响识别-确定指标体系构建原则-建立指标),增加原始指标定量筛选环节,将能有效避免指标间信息重叠现象的产生,指标的独立性更高;(2)2005年当涂县土地利用规划环境影响评价综合指数为0.734 1,环境、资源、生态及社会经济分项指数分别为0.259 6、0.099 3、0.165 7、0.209 5。规划方案实施后,到2020年全县环境、资源、生态及社会经济分项指数分别为0.304 6、0.107 2、0.256 0、0.327 2,均有不同程度的提高,规划方案可行。     

Sustainable cities: do political factors determine the quality of life?

The implementation of urban sustainability practices is affected by political obstacles, and diverse political ideologies may defend different city models. Sustainable policy design could also be affected by several factors that cause the deflection of resources initially allocated to other groups that are contrary to the concerns pursued and have the power to veto sustainable plans by exerting pressure on the party in power.In this sense, the aim of this paper is to show the impact that political factors have on cities’ sustainability, and the effect of both on cities’ economic development. To do so, we used the 78 Spanish cities with a population over 100,000 studied by MERCO (Spanish Corporate Reputation Monitor) as regards their levels of sustainability for the fiscal years 2008 and 2009. Both relationships have been tested empirically through two dependence models using linear regression techniques.The results obtained show that political competition improves cities’ sustainability, while a leftist ideology has an inverse impact. On the other hand, a significant direct relationship has been observed between urban sustainability and municipal economic activity.     

某危险废物填埋场地下水污染预测及控制模拟

以某危险废物填埋场为研究对象,在收集其水文地质资料基础上,运用Visual Modflow建立填埋场地下水水流和溶质运移耦合模型,对填埋场防渗层发生渗漏后,渗滤液中Cr6+在地下水中的运移过程以及地面硬化、防渗墙和排水沟3种污染控制措施对污染羽阻隔效果进行模拟预测.结果表明,Cr6+随地下水流方向运移形成污染羽,10 a后污染羽到达水塘边界,运移距离约为1 450 m,但随后10～20 a之间污染羽扩散范围没有明显扩大;地表硬化后,20 a内污染羽未扩散至水塘边界;防渗墙设置到上层含水层底部时,监测井Cr6+浓度高于未设置防渗墙时浓度,设置到下层含水层底部时,Cr6+浓度与设置于上层含水层时监测结果相反;排水沟日排水量达到2 642 m3时能有效控制污染羽扩散,20 a后污染羽尚未污染监测井;地表硬化与排水沟组合控制污染物扩散,效果最佳,同时排水沟日排水量可减少为1 878 m3.因此,当填埋场发生渗漏时,建议采用设置排水沟与周边地表硬化组合的地下水污染控制措施.     

火电湿法烟气脱硫流程优化的实现方案研究

在给定脱硫流程模拟优化参数的情况下,尝试了基于DCS系统和基于OA局域网的两种优化控制改进方案,后一种方案解决了优化控制系统的安全性、稳定性、扩展性、易管理等问题。同时采用该控制系统的3号脱硫系统的控制效果最佳,且脱硫效率循环浆液泵功率比随着操作方式相近度的提高而呈递增趋势。     

Characteristics and recent trends of sulfur dioxide at urban, rural, and background sites in North China: Effectiveness of control measures

SO₂ measurements made in recent years at sites in Beijing and its surrounding areas are performed to study the variations and trends of surface SO₂ at different types of sites in Northern China. The overall average concentrations of SO₂ are (16.8 ± 13.1) ppb, (14.8 ± 9.4) ppb, and (7.5 ± 4.0) ppb at China Meteorological Administration (CMA, Beijing urban area), Gucheng (GCH, relatively polluted rural area, 110 km to the southwest of Beijing urban area), and Shangdianzi (SDZ, clean background area, 100 km to the northeast of Beijing urban area), respectively. The SO₂ levels in winter (heating season) are 4-6 folds higher than those in summer. There are highly significant correlations among the daily means of SO₂ at different sites, indicating regional characteristics of SO₂ pollution. Diurnal patterns of surface SO₂ at all sites have a common feature with a daytime peak, which is probably caused by the downward mixing and/or the advection transport of SO₂-richer air over the North China Plain. The concentrations of SO₂ at CMA and GCH show highly significant downward trends (-4.4 ppb/yr for CMA and -2.4 ppb/yr for GCH), while a less significant trend (-0.3 ppb/yr) is identified in the data from SDZ, reflecting the character of SDZ as a regional atmospheric background site in North China. The SO₂ concentrations of all three sites show a significant decrease from period before to after the control measures for the 2008 Olympic Games, suggesting that the SO₂ pollution control has long-term effectiveness and benefits. In the post-Olympics period, the mean concentrations of SO₂ at CMA, GCH, and SDZ are (14.3 ± 11.0) ppb, (12.1 ± 7.7) ppb, and (7.5 ± 4.0) ppb, respectively, with reductions of 26%, 36%, and 13%, respectively, compared to the levels before. Detailed analysis shows that the differences of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction were not the dominant factors for the significant differences of SO₂ between the pre-Olympics and post-Olympics periods. By extracting the data being more representative of local or regional characteristics, a reduction of up to 40% for SO₂ in polluted areas and a reduction of 20% for regional SO₂ are obtained for the effect of control measures implemented for the Olympic Games.     

Air quality management in China: Issues, challenges, and options

This article analyzed the control progress and current status of air quality,identified the major air pollution issues and challenges in future,proposed the long-term air pollution control targets,and ...     

封闭湖泊蓝藻水华预警机制及应急控制方法

随着我国城市化进程的不断推进以及经济的快速发展,城市封闭湖泊水体污染日益严重,蓝藻水华现象频频发生。文章分析了该类水体水华的主要影响因素,并提出了预警机制。根据已开展的湖泊污染治理工程效果,针对性地提出了几种有效的封闭湖泊蓝藻水华应急控制方法。     

沈阳市污水处理设施建设现状与前景分析

通过对沈阳市各排水系统以及各区域污水处理厂建设情况进行调查,论述污水处理厂建设运行对纳污河流水质改善的作用,并对现阶段存在的问题进行了分析,最终提出污水处理厂合理建设及有效运行的相关保证措施。